15 D Flexibility and pragmatism in promoting health fc.indd

نویسندگان

  • C. Adams
  • Hossein Malekafzali
چکیده

In the Islamic Republic of Iran, religion has traditionally played a central role in the lives of the people. Following the Islamic Revolution in 1979, it has also become integral to the country’s governance. Since the Revolution, an exceptional synergy has arisen between the domain of religion and the health sector in the development of family planning policies, which have resulted in dramatic changes in population growth and fertility: the population growth rate decreased from 3.9% (1986) to 1.2% (2000) and total fertility from 6.8 (1984) to 2.1 (2000). The extraordinary aspect of this experience is that the position of religious authorities changed from one of opposition to one of active promotion of family planning. This paper describes the establishment and course of family planning programmes in Iran and makes use of interviews with two main protagonists of this experience (Dr Alireza Marandi – Minister of Health 1984–1989, 1993–1997; Dr Hossein Malekafzali – former Deputy Minister of Health). It is hoped that dissemination of this experience outside of the Islamic Republic of Iran will encourage the development of similar dialogue and synergy between religion and health in other countries. 1World Health Organization Representative Country Office, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran (Correspondence to A. Manenti: manentia@emro. who.int). Dr Manenti's current affiliation: WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt. ةيملاسلإا ناريإ ةيروهجم في نيدلاو ةحصلا ينب رزآتلا لوح تابرخ :ةحصلا زيزعت في ةيعقاولاو ةنورلما يتنينام وجوبرمأ ،زمدآ ينتسيرك ،1979 ماع تثدح يتلا ةيناريلإا ةروثلا باقعأ فيو ،ةيملاسلإا ناريإ ةيروهجم في سانلا ةايح في يرومح رود ،ةيديلقت رظن ةهجو نم ،نيدلل :ةـصلالخا تاسايس دادعإ في يحصلا عاطقلاو ينيدلا لاجلما ينب يئانثتسا رزآت رهظ ينلحا كلذ ذنمو ،دلابلا نوؤش فيصرتو ةرادإ ميمص في نيدلا حبصأ ،2000 ماع في %1.2 لىإ 1986 ماع في %3.9 نم ناكسلا ومن لدعم ضفخنا ذإ ؛ةبوصلخا فيو ناكسلا ومن في ةقيمع تايريغت لىإ ￯دأ امم ،ةسرلأا ميظنت ةطلسلا فقاوم في ل ّ ثمتت ةبستكلما تابرلخا هذه في ةلهذلما بناولجا لعلو .2000 ماع في 2.1 لىإ 1984 ماع في 6.8 نم ةيلكلا ةبوصلخا تضفخنا ماك ميظنت جمارب راسمو سيسأت ةقرولا هذه فصتو .ةسرلأا ميظنتل لا ّ عفلا زيزعتلا لىإ ةسرلأا ميظنت ةضراعم نم تيرغت يتلا (نيدلا ءمالع) ةينيدلا ناك يذلا يدنارم اضر ليع روتكدلا اهمو تابرلخا هذله ينيسيئرلا داورلا نم يننثا عم تلاباقم نم ةدافتسلااب ةيملاسلإا ناريإ ةيروهجم في ةسرلأا هذه شرن يدؤي نأ لومألما نمو .ةحصلا ريزول قباسلا ليكولا ،ليضفأ كلام ينسح روتكدلاو ،1997-1993و 1989-1984 ينتترفلا في ةحصلل ً اريزو .￯رخأ نادلب في ةحصلاو نيدلا ينب لثامم رزآتو لثامم راوحب ءدبلا عيجشت لىإ ةيملاسلإا ناريإ ةيروهجم جراخ تابرلخا Flexibilité et pragmatisme dans la promotion de la santé : une expérience de synergie entre la santé et la religion en République islamique d'Iran RÉSUMÉ En République islamique d'Iran, la religion a traditionnellement joué un rôle central dans la vie de la population. Après la Révolution islamique de 1979, elle est aussi devenue partie intégrante de la gouvernance du pays. Depuis lors, une synergie exceptionnelle s'est dégagée entre le domaine de la religion et le secteur de la santé pour l'élaboration des politiques de planification familiale, ce qui a conduit à des changements radicaux en termes de croissance démographique et de fécondité : le taux de croissance démographique a diminué, passant de 3,9 % (1986) à 1,2 % (2000) et le taux de fécondité total est passé de 6,8 (1984) à 2,1 (2000). La position des autorités religieuses, qui a évolué d'une attitude d'opposition à une promotion active de la planification familiale, représente l'extraordinaire caractéristique de cette expérience. L'article décrit l'élaboration des programmes de planification familiale et leur mise en œuvre en Iran et exploite des entretiens avec les deux principaux protagonistes de l'expérience : Dr Alireza Marandi, ministre de la Santé de 1984 à 1989 et de 1993 à 1997, et Dr Hossein Malekafzali, ancien vice-ministre de la Santé. L'objectif est d'encourager l'instauration d'un dialogue et d'une synergie similaires entre la religion et la santé dans d'autres pays grâce à la diffusion de cette expérience hors de la République islamique d'Iran. 15 D Flexibility and pragmatism in promoting health fc.indd 892 8/26/2012 10:23:13 AM طسوتلما قشرل ةيحصلا ةلجلما شرع نماثلا دلجلما نماثلا ددعلا

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تاریخ انتشار 2012